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【旅途隨筆】尋找林肯總統(tǒng)發(fā)表《葛底斯堡演說》的最確切的地方

板扎藝術(shù)工作室 韓豫燕

<p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>尋找林肯總統(tǒng)發(fā)表《葛底斯堡演說》的最確切的地方 — 賓夕法尼亞州葛底斯堡小鎮(zhèn)上的“葛底斯堡國家公墓”里。 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>下面??第一張照片中,有一面小小的旗子的地方, 是林肯總統(tǒng)做講演的真正所在地!</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>?</b></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>下面第二張照片中的磚砌筑的簡樸的臺子上,很多著名人士做過講演,但不是林肯演說所在地。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>?</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>?</b></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>亞伯拉罕.林肯(Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1865),美國第十六任總統(tǒng)(1861-1865)。 </b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>林肯總統(tǒng)在美國南北戰(zhàn)爭(1861-1865)時(shí)期,以有效的方式,堅(jiān)定的信念、深遠(yuǎn)的眼光和完美無缺的政治手腕,成功地引導(dǎo)一個(gè)處于分裂的國家度過了其歷史上流血最多的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)。 他致力于推進(jìn)全人類的民主、自由和平等,以最雄辯的語言闡述了人道主義的思想,不失時(shí)機(jī)地發(fā)表《解放黑奴宣言》,因而被后人尊稱為“偉大的解放者”。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b><span class="ql-cursor">?</span></b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>?</b></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:right;"><b style="font-size:15px;">取自網(wǎng)絡(luò)公開信息。</b></p> <p class="ql-block"><b>1863年11月19日,也就是美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中的最血腥的“葛底斯堡戰(zhàn)役”結(jié)束四個(gè)半月之后,林肯在賓夕法尼亞州葛底斯堡的葛底斯堡國家公墓揭幕式上發(fā)表演說,哀悼在長達(dá)五個(gè)半月的葛底斯堡之役中陣亡的將士。 現(xiàn)如今“葛底斯堡國家公墓”和“葛底斯堡國家軍事公園”皆由美國國家公園管理局維護(hù),成為美國最受敬重的歷史性地標(biāo)。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>?</b></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>林肯總統(tǒng)的《葛底斯堡演說》(Gettysburg Address), 是美國歷史上被引用最多的, 對世界文明影響力最大的演說!</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>?</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b><span class="ql-cursor">?</span></b></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>林肯總統(tǒng)的《葛底斯堡演說》, 雖然是一篇慶祝軍事勝利的演說,但它沒有好戰(zhàn)之氣。相反,這是一篇感人肺腑的文字緬懷了在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)中犧牲的人們。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b><span class="ql-cursor">?</span></b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b>?林肯此篇演說, 告慰了死者, </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b>鼓勵(lì)美國民眾為維護(hù)國家的完整,</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b>開創(chuàng)“自由的新生”。 </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">林肯這篇演講最精采的是最后一句∶</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b>“民有、民治、民享之政體免于凋零”。 </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">“that government of the people, </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">by the people, </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:20px;">for the people, </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">shall not perish from this earth”。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b style="font-size:22px;">?</b></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">林肯在演講中, 定義民主為</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">“government of the people, </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">by the people, </b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">for the people”;</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">定義共和為</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">“freedom, equality and democracy”,</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:18px;">明確地闡釋了他的民主思想。</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><br></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>多年以后, 孫中山先生以“of the people, by the people, for the people”為基礎(chǔ), 提出了三民主義,即民族、民權(quán)、民生, 從而使中國的三民主義在海外深入人心,贏得了國際社會和愛國僑胞的支持,加速了滿清王朝的覆滅。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>?</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b>?</b></p><p class="ql-block"><b><span class="ql-cursor">?</span></b></p> <p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block"><b>將林肯的這篇講演翻譯成中文, 真的是很不容易的。 趙元任,胡適,梁啟超都曾嘗試過,深感不易,但英文本身卻是如此淺白,以致美國人一聽即難以忘懷。</b></p><p class="ql-block"><br></p> <p class="ql-block">英文原文:</p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b style="font-size:22px;">Gettysburg Address</b></p><p class="ql-block" style="text-align:center;"><b>Abraham Lincoln</b></p><p class="ql-block"> </p><p class="ql-block">Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. </p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p><p class="ql-block">It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.</p><p class="ql-block"><br></p>